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Exploring the secrets and science of Canada91Ƶs 91Ƶsuper agers91Ƶ

Researchers discovering how human connection is a core characteristic for those who age well
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Angeline Charlebois is shown at her home in Levack, Ont., Saturday, June 22, 2024. Charlebois keeps a busy schedule. The 105-year-old Levack, Ont., woman spends Tuesday nights in town playing cards with her friends at the golden age club, often bringing home-baked treats to share with friends. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Gino Donato

Angeline Charlebois keeps a busy schedule.

The 105-year-old Levack, Ont., woman spends Tuesday afternoons in town playing cards with her friends at the golden age club, often bringing home-baked treats to share with her friends. Charlebois is an avid reader and loves to sew. She makes hats for babies at the nearby hospital 91Ƶ having picked up knitting as a new hobby when she was 100 years old.

91ƵI91Ƶm not someone to just sit down. I91Ƶm motivated. I do things and I like to do things,91Ƶ Charlebois said, sitting in the living room of the two-bedroom town house where she91Ƶs been living on her own for nearly 30 years.

Charlebois beams when she talks about her big family, and proudly shows off pictures of her grandchildren and great-grandchildren on the walls of her home, about 50 kilometres northwest of Sudbury.

She91Ƶs extremely social, and says she likes to have a drink on the weekends with her family. She91Ƶs partial to beer or rye and water, and she puts Irish cream in her coffee after mass every Sunday.

She91Ƶs used to people who are astounded by her energy and good health at 105 years old.

91ƵI don91Ƶt really have a secret, it91Ƶs just good, plain living,91Ƶ she said.

Angela Roberts is the Canadian research lead on an international study looking to uncover what contributes to the long, healthy lives of 91Ƶsuper agers91Ƶ like Charlebois 91Ƶ defined as people 80 and older that have the memory of someone 20 to 30 years younger.

Ongoing research at four American universities and Western University in London, Ont., is examining trends among the 5,000 super agers involved in the study. While a cognitive test would need to be done to confirm Charlebois fits the criteria, the 105-year-old 91Ƶcertainly sounds like a super ager,91Ƶ Roberts said.

Like Charlebois, most super agers report having close, meaningful relationships with friends or family, Roberts said.

91ƵHuman connection, seeing and being with other people face-to-face, feeding off the emotional exchange is really important,91Ƶ she said.

91ƵWe see this depth of social connection as perhaps being a defining piece of exceptional cognitive aging, and indeed that aligns with research that shows that social isolation is harmful in aging and can lead to dementia and contribute to cognitive decline.91Ƶ

Roberts said there is ongoing research to better understand the relationship between social connection and healthy aging, and why the brains of super agers look different compared with their peers. Brain scans of those 80 and older in the study look a lot like the scans of someone in their 50s or 60s, Roberts said, because their brains have not atrophied or shrunk at the expected rate for someone their age.

91ƵWe know the approximate rate that brains shrink each year, each decade. Our super agers defy that.91Ƶ

In many cases, super agers have a section of their brain that is more robust than the average 50-year-old, Roberts said. Scans show that within the arch-shaped anterior cingulate gyrus in the brain, a region connected to emotion and behaviour, super agers have an excess of something called von Economo neurons.

91ƵVon Economo neurons are thought to be important for social behaviour, though we91Ƶve rarely studied them in humans,91Ƶ Roberts explained. The neurons have been studied in whales and elephants and are believed to be connected to the animals91Ƶ social pod and herd behaviour.

91ƵOur super agers are really showing us that meaningful social behaviour may be linked to a biology that we see exclusively in our super agers,91Ƶ Roberts said.

Roberts said while there is much that scientists still don91Ƶt know, researchers are considering hypotheses that explore why certain people are biologically predisposed to strong social connection.

George Cooper, 100, who lives in Quispamsis, N.B., about 20 kilometres northeast of Saint John, is described by a local legion member as the friendliest man in town.

The centenarian, who celebrated the milestone in May with seven birthday parties, lives alone in his apartment and loves to play music, chat with neighbours and spend time with family and friends at the legion.

91ƵI91Ƶve made a number of violins that I play 91Ƶ Just last year I built a cello,91Ƶ Cooper said in a recent phone interview. 91ƵWait a moment, I need to play it for you!91Ƶ

He set the phone down before promptly returning to the call, playing a tune in a deep tenor vibrato. The cello is one of seven instruments Cooper plays.

He takes great joy in the success of his grandchildren and great-grandchildren, and was overjoyed when his first great-great-grandchild was born last year.

During the summer Cooper spends a lot of time tending to his many vegetables at a community garden plot. 91ƵI91Ƶve got 24 tomato plants right now 91Ƶ. I grow bok choy, green beans, peppers, radishes, beets 91Ƶ all different types of lettuce.91Ƶ

Cooper was born into a large family in the small rural community of Connors, N.B., but the family with six children moved about 420 kilometres southeast to Saint John when Cooper was just five years old after his father died.

91ƵWe had to move. Nobody up there (in Connors) would help us because we were mixed marriage,91Ƶ he said, referring to the fact that his father was Anglican and his mother was Catholic.

He started working when he was very young, in farming, carpentry and plumbing before joining the military. Cooper is proud to have been a member of Canada91Ƶs first parachute brigade, which he joined in 1943, and was deployed to England in December 1944, near the end of the Second World War.

He was married in 1949, and throughout much of the 1950s and 60s he and his wife taught ballroom dancing. He built them a four-bedroom home in 1975 with help from his son-in-law. His wife died in 1992 at the age of 66, which Cooper said left him heartbroken.

He went on to remarry in 1999, and he frequently visits his second wife at a nearby seniors complex. Cooper said she is receiving care for encephalitis and has lost most of her memory.

Roberts said it91Ƶs very common for super agers to show great resilience in the face of life91Ƶs challenges and losses.

91ƵSomething we see across all of our research sites is that super agers have a high sense of personal resilience. They have not had easy lives, and they are incredibly resilient in the face of challenges,91Ƶ Roberts said.

91ƵOur super agers are really showing us that meaningful social behaviour may be linked to a biology that we see exclusively in our super agers,91Ƶ Roberts said.

When asked what91Ƶs his secret to longevity, Cooper quickly responds with a joke: 91ƵI have good genes and I wear them well.91Ƶ

He said he gets asked about his secrets for a long life. 91ƵI say: don91Ƶt walk slow, walk fast. And do a lot of singing. And learn a new language. I don91Ƶt care what language you learn, but learn a new language and keep your mind active. Always read.91Ƶ

Charlebois insists there is no special trick to making it to 100, and credits healthy habits and cooking for her longevity. 91ƵI eat well. I make my own stuff, I make stuff from scratch, and I eat well every day. I sleep well. And I91Ƶm a person who looks ahead.91Ƶ

Every morning after her oats-and-berries breakfast, Charlebois sits at her dining table to play four rounds of solitaire.

91ƵIt91Ƶs my start of the day,91Ƶ she said. 91ƵI see if I can beat him or not, if my day is going to be good or not.91Ƶ

104-year-old Lina DeBray from Langley, B.C., about 50 kilometres southeast of Vancouver, says that even as her eyesight deteriorates, she keeps up with reading and writing. She sends cards throughout the year to keep in touch with friends and family.

DeBray, who has two daughters, four grandchildren and six great-grandchildren, regularly plays bingo and cards. She watches Catholic mass livestreamed on TV every day. 91ƵI think my faith keeps me going,91Ƶ she said.

91ƵI keep saying to myself: God doesn91Ƶt want me now. Just give me another good day. And I pray for all my family and my friends.91Ƶ

Roberts said there91Ƶs evidence that consistent sleep and staying active contribute to the longevity of super agers, but there91Ƶs one standout answer among those in the study when asked for their secret to a long life.

91ƵWe ask: what is your superpower? And just about all of them will say they are curious.91Ƶ

91ƵNow I don91Ƶt have biology to back this up, but this is what we hear. They91Ƶre lifelong learners who are engaged in a curious exploration of the world around them.91Ƶ

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