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Stay within aspartame limits, cancer society says in wake of WHO findings

Canadian advice offered after World Health Organization reports sweetener 91Ƶpossibly carcinogenic91Ƶ
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A customer walks down a grocery store91Ƶs drinks aisle in Newcastle, Ont. on Thursday July 13, 2023. The Canadian Cancer Society and Health Canada are reviewing the World Health Organization91Ƶs classification of aspartame as 91Ƶpossibly carcinogenic.91Ƶ THE CANADIAN PRESS/Doug Ives

The Canadian Cancer Society is recommending that people stay within existing daily limits of aspartame consumption and is encouraging more studies on the artificial sweetener after the World Health Organization deemed it 91Ƶpossibly carcinogenic.91Ƶ

The classification 91Ƶmeans that there91Ƶs limited evidence suggesting that it may cause cancer in humans and that additional research is needed,91Ƶ said Elizabeth Holmes, director of health policy at the Canadian Cancer Society, in an interview on Friday.

Holmes said the society welcomes research proposals on aspartame and will consider funding them.

Two WHO-affiliated agencies conducted two independent reviews to assess health risks associated with consumption of aspartame, which is commonly found in diet beverages, gum and sugar-free sweet treats such as syrup or gelatin dessert.

In reviewing available studies in both humans and animals, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the Food and Agriculture Organization Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) found limited evidence that aspartame could be associated with a type of liver cancer.But the findings could not rule out the possibility that other variables might account for the link.

Better studies, including randomized controlled trials, are needed to determine more definitively whether or not aspartame causes cancer, the study summary said.

There was 91Ƶno convincing evidence91Ƶ to suggest current recommendations on safely eating or drinking aspartame should be changed, it said.

Health Canada and the WHO both recommend a daily limit of 40 mg of aspartame per kilogram of body weight.

A WHO news release breaks it down: since a can of diet soda contains about 200 91Ƶ 300 mg of aspartame, an adult who weighs 70 kg would need to consume more than nine to 14 cans per day to exceed that limit.

David Ma, a professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Guelph, said the daily aspartame consumption of most Canadians likely falls within that limit.

91ƵUnfortunately, there are probably a few individuals drinking (above) that level. So those would be the ones that should be most concerned about their intake,91Ƶ Ma said.

In an emailed statement, Health Canada said it will review the research and 91Ƶdetermine whether action is needed for aspartame in Canada based on the scientific data in the full reports.91Ƶ

The WHO has four classification levels for items assessed for their potential to cause cancer: carcinogenic to humans, probably carcinogenic to humans, possibly carcinogenic to humans, and not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

Those levels are based on how strong the evidence is that something, including food, drink, chemicals and environmental hazards, is linked with cancer. The classification levels aren91Ƶt a statement about the 91Ƶdegree of risk91Ƶ of developing cancer. The risk often varies with the amount consumed or levels of exposure. The type of cancer the food or drink is linked to also varies.

Tobacco, alcohol and processed meat are among more than 120 items currently classified as carcinogenic on the WHO91Ƶs website. There are more than 90 items listed as 91Ƶprobable91Ƶ carcinogens, including red meat.

When it comes to 91Ƶpossible91Ƶ carcinogens such as aspartame, more than 320 items are listed. They include many chemicals, such as chloroform and lead.

It91Ƶs important to think of substances listed as carcinogenic, probably carcinogenic or possibly carcinogenic as 91Ƶhazards91Ƶ rather than 91Ƶrisks,91Ƶ Ma said.

For example, driving a car is inherently a hazard, he said. But the risk of injury is lowered by actions that we take.

91ƵWe accept that because overall, on a daily basis, millions and millions of people drive and the risk is relatively low because we put on our seat belt, we follow the rules of the road, we do not drive dangerously at high speeds,91Ƶ Ma said.

Similarly, aspartame is a 91Ƶhazard91Ƶ but 91Ƶthe level of risk is low91Ƶ if we don91Ƶt consume too much, he said.

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