91裸聊视频淚 think it pisses God off if you walk by the color purple in a field somewhere and don91裸聊视频檛 notice it,91裸聊视频� Shug tells Celie in Alice Walker91裸聊视频檚 91裸聊视频淭he Color Purple.91裸聊视频�

In nature, among the , as a symbol of independence, pride and magic, purple is weighty in history and culture. Now, with the Christmas Day opening of based on Walker91裸聊视频檚 1982 book, purple takes a seat at the box office after the and all things pink.

Consider it a many-layered cultural counterpart to its frothier cousin.

Power, ambition, luxury. Purple reflects them all. It also expresses creativity, independence, pride, peace, mystery and magic.

In contemporary history and fiction, it often represents something sought dearly. In the early 20th century, purple attire and signage signified loyalty and dignity . In Walker91裸聊视频檚 novel, Celie, the main character, wants a pair of purple shoes but can91裸聊视频檛 afford them, so she settles on blue.

Oprah Winfrey, who played Sofia in the 1985 film version of 91裸聊视频淭he Color Purple,91裸聊视频� has donned purple frequently to promote the new musical she helped produce. And in her recently unveiled portrait for the National Portrait Gallery.

To Oprah, purple is 91裸聊视频渟eminal.91裸聊视频� To others, it91裸聊视频檚 a shapeshifter, said Laurie Pressman, vice president of the Pantone Color Institute, which analyzes and consults on color, including for the folks who made this year91裸聊视频檚 91裸聊视频淭he Color Purple.91裸聊视频�

91裸聊视频淚t can take on so many contexts,91裸聊视频� Pressman said. 91裸聊视频淚t91裸聊视频檚 a color that stands out, that makes a statement, that has a singular presence in the world.91裸聊视频�

Some ways to think about purple, the hues nestled between blue and red:

PURPLE, THE DYE

The Romans conquered the Greeks in the second century B.C. and returned home with lots of pigments and dyes, writes Victoria Finlay in 91裸聊视频淭he Brilliant History of Color in Art.91裸聊视频� The most celebrated was 91裸聊视频減urpura,91裸聊视频� which turned into a fashion phenom made with secretions of certain mollusks. The liquid transformed into purple when left out in the sun.

When Julius Caesar traveled to Egypt in 48 B.C. and met Queen Cleopatra, he noted her love of purple and embraced it himself. It91裸聊视频檚 a love later taken up by Byzantine emperors. But before them, Caesar decreed that only Caesars could wear togas dyed completely purple.

Many, MANY mollusks were required to make purpura, which sometimes wasn91裸聊视频檛 the color we know today. (Finlay wrote that at least 250,000 were needed for half an ounce of dye.) Ancient Tyrian purple, named for the town of Tyre in what is now southern Lebanon, was also rose, bluish red or velvety black, she writes.

Purple was reserved for royalty, priests and nobles at various times in history and in various places.

By the 14th century, the secrets of Tyrian purple were lost, according to the University of Chicago Library91裸聊视频檚 2007 exhibition 91裸聊视频淭he Origins of Color.91裸聊视频� But all hail Tyrian purple! In 2001, through trial and error, the technique for making it resurfaced. Well before then, synthetic dyes, including purple were available.

PURPLE, IN SONG

Jimi Hendrix91裸聊视频檚 91裸聊视频淧urple Haze.91裸聊视频� Juice WRLD91裸聊视频檚 91裸聊视频淧urple Devil.91裸聊视频� The rockers Deep Purple. The Grammy-winning song 91裸聊视频淒eep Purple,91裸聊视频� a No. 1 Billboard single for April Stevens and her brother, Nino Tempo, in 1963.

Purple has been peppering songs for decades, but no musical artist has been more closely aligned with the color than Prince. He became The Purple One after he and his band, the Revolution, put out 91裸聊视频淧urple Rain91裸聊视频� in 1984 and a won a Grammy for it, along with an Oscar for the score to the companion film.

Though the song peaked at No. 2 on Billboard91裸聊视频檚 Hot 100 in 1984, it forever connected Prince with the color. And he leaned in with his purple attire, purple guitar and purple piano. After his 2016 death, his estate worked with Pantone to come up with an official Prince purple, dubbed 91裸聊视频淟ove Symbol #1.91裸聊视频�

Of the song91裸聊视频檚 meaning and title, Prince once explained: 91裸聊视频淲hen there91裸聊视频檚 blood in the sky 91裸聊视频� red and blue equals purple. Purple rain pertains to the end of the world and being with the one you love and letting your faith/God guide you through the purple rain.91裸聊视频�

Prince91裸聊视频檚 Paisley Park estate outside Minneapolis remains bathed in purple at night.

In creating a world in sound, 91裸聊视频減urple doesn91裸聊视频檛 have as clear a set of connotations91裸聊视频� as some other colors, like the sadness of blue or the rage of red, said Nate Sloane, who specializes in the history of popular music and jazz at the University of Southern California91裸聊视频檚 Thornton School of Music.

For musical artists, he said, that91裸聊视频檚 freedom.

91裸聊视频淚ts ambiguity means you can explore more emotions and concepts that are less clear and established,91裸聊视频� Sloane said.

PURPLE, THE PROSE

The term 91裸聊视频減urple prose91裸聊视频� stretches back to circa 18 B.C. and the according to Charles Harrington Elster in his 2005 book, 91裸聊视频淲hat in the Word?91裸聊视频�

A phrase Horace used, the Latin 91裸聊视频減urpureus pannus,91裸聊视频� denoted an irrelevant and excessively ornate passage. Literally, it91裸聊视频檚 a purple garment or raiment (think fancy). Horace91裸聊视频檚 476-line poem, a manual of sorts on how to write poetry, warns against 91裸聊视频渕ediocrity in poets no man, god or bookseller will accept.91裸聊视频�

Generally speaking, purple prose came to mean writing that is laden with flowery descriptors and/or an oppressive structure with no real payoff to a reader. Consider this: Many writers of the 19th century were paid by the number of words they used or pages they produced.

91裸聊视频淧urple prose doesn91裸聊视频檛 seem to have become wholly pejorative until the 20th century when steep declines in the vocabulary and reading comprehension of college-educated Americans caused a panic in the education establishment and the newspaper industry,91裸聊视频� Elster wrote.

A blog post from the publishing site Reedsy offers this made-up example: 91裸聊视频淭he mahogany-haired adolescent girl glanced fleetingly at her rugged paramour, a crystalline sparkle in her eyes as she gazed, enraptured, upon his countenance.91裸聊视频�

PURPLE, ON CANVAS

Chagall, Derain, Rothko, Matisse, Klimt. All were admirers of purple.

The color is said to have first surfaced in art during the Neolithic era, writes Hannah Foskett at the site . The pre-Raphaelites in Britain especially loved purple.

Monet stands out for his use of violet in his Lily, Haystack, Snow and Rouen Cathedral series of paintings.

Another interpretation of purple, Foskett writes, is that it tires the eyes, 91裸聊视频渙ften symbolizing lust or sorrow in major artworks.91裸聊视频�

Color, in visual art, was helped along by the American portrait painter John Goffe Rand. In the 1840s, he invented a collapsible tube of tin in which to put his paint, rather than the pig bladders he and his counterparts had been struggling with for years, according to Finlay. With the invention of paint tubes, there were suddenly dozens of new pigments, including manganese violet.

91裸聊视频淚t was the first opaque, pure, affordable, mauve-colored pigment,91裸聊视频� wrote Finlay, 91裸聊视频渁nd it was seen as a wonder.91裸聊视频�

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